SG 142.6-1983 机动玩具传动零件 蜗杆
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基本信息
| 标准名称： | 机动玩具传动零件 蜗杆 |
| 中标分类： | 轻工、文化与生活用品 >> 文教、体育、娱乐用品 >> 玩具 |
| 发布日期： | |
| 实施日期： | 2001-10-01 |
| 首发日期： | |
| 作废日期： | |
| 出版日期： | |
| 页数： | 2页 |
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所属分类： 轻工 文化与生活用品 文教 体育 娱乐用品 玩具
下载地址: 点击此处下载
【英文标准名称】:Outlineofinvestigationforspecialpurposeground-faultcircuit-interrupters
【原文标准名称】:专用接地故障电路中断器测试大纲
【标准号】:ULSUBJECT943C-2011
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2011-01-18
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国保险商实验所(US-UL)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:1.1Theserequirementscoverground-faultcircuit-interruptersintendedforuseinoneofthefollowingapplications:a)Wherethevoltagetogroundisgreaterthan150voltsandequipmentgroundingordoubleinsulationisrequiredbytheNationalElectricalCode,ANSI/NFPA70,b)Wherethevoltagetogroundis150voltsorlessandequipmentgroundingordoubleinsulationisprovided,buttheuseofaClassAground-faultcircuit-interrupterisnotpractical.1.2Ground-faultcircuit-interruptersaddressedbytheserequirementsaredividedintothreeclasses,ClassC,DandE,baseduponvoltageratingandthecharacteristicsofthegroundingcircuit.Someareintendedforuseincircuitswheregroundingisnotprovidedtotheloadbutdouble-insulationisprovided.1.3Theseground-faultcircuit-interruptersareintendedtobeappliedoncircuitsasshowninFigure1.1.TherequirementsforClassAground-faultcircuit-interruptersareintheStandardforGround-FaultCircuit-Interrupters,UL943.
【中国标准分类号】:K31
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:22P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforUltrasonicAngle-BeamContactTesting
【原文标准名称】:超声波角钢梁接触试验标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTME587-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E07.06
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:anglebeam;contactultrasonicmethod;Lambwaves;longitudinalwaves;nondestructiveexamination;Rayleighwaves;shearwaves;ultrasonicexamination;Ultrasonictesting;Anglebeamultrasonictesting;Calibration--ultrasonicanalysisinstrumentat
【摘要】:Anelectricalpulseisappliedtoapiezoelectrictransducerwhichconvertselectricaltomechanicalenergy.Intheangle-beamsearchunit,thepiezoelectricelementisgenerallyathicknessexpanderwhichcreatescompressionsandrarefactions.Thislongitudinal(compressional)wavetravelsthroughawedge(generallyaplastic).Theanglebetweentransducerfaceandtheexaminationfaceofthewedgeisequaltotheanglebetweenthenormal(perpendicular)totheexaminationsurfaceandtheincidentbeam.Fig.1showstheincidentanglex03D5;i,andtherefractedanglex03D5;r,oftheultrasonicbeam.Whentheexaminationfaceoftheangle-beamsearchunitiscoupledtoamaterial,ultrasonicwavesmaytravelinthematerial.AsshowninFig.2,theangleinthematerial(measuredfromthenormaltotheexaminationsurface)andmodeofvibrationaredependentonthewedgeangle,theultrasonicvelocityinthewedge,andthevelocityofthewaveintheexaminedmaterial.Whenthematerialisthickerthanafewwavelengths,thewavestravelinginthematerialmaybelongitudinalandshear,shearalone,shearandRayleigh,orRayleighalone.Totalreflectionmayoccurattheinterface.(RefertoFig.3.)Inthinmaterials(uptoafewwavelengthsthick),thewavesfromtheangle-beamsearchunittravelinginthematerialmaypropagateindifferentLambwavemodes.Allultrasonicmodesofvibrationmaybeusedforangle-beamexaminationofmaterial.Thematerialformsandtheprobableflawlocationsandorientationsdetermineselectionofbeamdirectionsandmodesofvibration.Theuseofanglebeamsandtheselectionoftheproperwavemodepresupposeaknowledgeofthegeometryoftheobject;theprobablelocation,size,orientation,andreflectivityoftheexpectedflaws;andthelawsofphysicsgoverningthepropagationofultrasonicwaves.Characteristicsoftheexaminationsystemusedandtheultrasonicpropertiesofthematerialbeingexaminedmustbeknownordetermined.Somematerials,becauseofuniquemicrostructure,aredifficulttoexamineusingultrasonics.Austeniticmaterial,particularlyweldmaterial,isoneexampleofthismaterialcondition.Cautionshouldbeexercisedwhenestablishingexaminationpracticesforthesetypematerials.Whileexaminationmaybepossible,sensitivitywillbeinferiortothatachievableonferriticmaterials.Whenexaminingmaterialswithuniquemicrostructures,empiricaltestingshouldbeperformedtoassurethattheexaminationwillachievethedesiredsensitivity.Thismaybeaccomplishedbyincorporatingknownreflectorsinamockupoftheweldorparttobeexamined.Angle-BeamLongitudinalWaves8212;AsshowninFig.4,angle-beamlongitudinalwaveswithrefractedanglesintherangefrom1to40x00B0;(wherecoexistingangle-beamshearwavesareweak,asshowninFig.3)maybeusedtodetectfatiguecracksinaxlesandshaftsfromtheendbydirectreflectionorbycornerreflection.AsshowninFig.5,withacrossed-beamdual-transducersearchunitconfiguration,angle-beamlongitudinalwavesmaybeusedtomeasurethicknessortodetectreflectorsparalleltotheexaminationsurface,suchaslaminations.AsshowninFig.6,reflectorswithamajorplaneatanangleupto40x00B0;withrespecttotheexaminationsurface,provideoptimumreflectiontoanangle-beamlongitudinalwavethatisnormaltotheplaneofthereflector.Angle-beamlongitudinalwavesintherangefrom45to85x00B0;becomeweakerastheangleincreases;atthesametime,thecoexistingangle-beamshearwavesbecomestronger.Equalamplitudeanglebeamsofapproximately55x00B0;
【原文标准名称】:专用接地故障电路中断器测试大纲
【标准号】:ULSUBJECT943C-2011
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2011-01-18
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国保险商实验所(US-UL)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:1.1Theserequirementscoverground-faultcircuit-interruptersintendedforuseinoneofthefollowingapplications:a)Wherethevoltagetogroundisgreaterthan150voltsandequipmentgroundingordoubleinsulationisrequiredbytheNationalElectricalCode,ANSI/NFPA70,b)Wherethevoltagetogroundis150voltsorlessandequipmentgroundingordoubleinsulationisprovided,buttheuseofaClassAground-faultcircuit-interrupterisnotpractical.1.2Ground-faultcircuit-interruptersaddressedbytheserequirementsaredividedintothreeclasses,ClassC,DandE,baseduponvoltageratingandthecharacteristicsofthegroundingcircuit.Someareintendedforuseincircuitswheregroundingisnotprovidedtotheloadbutdouble-insulationisprovided.1.3Theseground-faultcircuit-interruptersareintendedtobeappliedoncircuitsasshowninFigure1.1.TherequirementsforClassAground-faultcircuit-interruptersareintheStandardforGround-FaultCircuit-Interrupters,UL943.
【中国标准分类号】:K31
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:22P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforUltrasonicAngle-BeamContactTesting
【原文标准名称】:超声波角钢梁接触试验标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTME587-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E07.06
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:anglebeam;contactultrasonicmethod;Lambwaves;longitudinalwaves;nondestructiveexamination;Rayleighwaves;shearwaves;ultrasonicexamination;Ultrasonictesting;Anglebeamultrasonictesting;Calibration--ultrasonicanalysisinstrumentat
【摘要】:Anelectricalpulseisappliedtoapiezoelectrictransducerwhichconvertselectricaltomechanicalenergy.Intheangle-beamsearchunit,thepiezoelectricelementisgenerallyathicknessexpanderwhichcreatescompressionsandrarefactions.Thislongitudinal(compressional)wavetravelsthroughawedge(generallyaplastic).Theanglebetweentransducerfaceandtheexaminationfaceofthewedgeisequaltotheanglebetweenthenormal(perpendicular)totheexaminationsurfaceandtheincidentbeam.Fig.1showstheincidentanglex03D5;i,andtherefractedanglex03D5;r,oftheultrasonicbeam.Whentheexaminationfaceoftheangle-beamsearchunitiscoupledtoamaterial,ultrasonicwavesmaytravelinthematerial.AsshowninFig.2,theangleinthematerial(measuredfromthenormaltotheexaminationsurface)andmodeofvibrationaredependentonthewedgeangle,theultrasonicvelocityinthewedge,andthevelocityofthewaveintheexaminedmaterial.Whenthematerialisthickerthanafewwavelengths,thewavestravelinginthematerialmaybelongitudinalandshear,shearalone,shearandRayleigh,orRayleighalone.Totalreflectionmayoccurattheinterface.(RefertoFig.3.)Inthinmaterials(uptoafewwavelengthsthick),thewavesfromtheangle-beamsearchunittravelinginthematerialmaypropagateindifferentLambwavemodes.Allultrasonicmodesofvibrationmaybeusedforangle-beamexaminationofmaterial.Thematerialformsandtheprobableflawlocationsandorientationsdetermineselectionofbeamdirectionsandmodesofvibration.Theuseofanglebeamsandtheselectionoftheproperwavemodepresupposeaknowledgeofthegeometryoftheobject;theprobablelocation,size,orientation,andreflectivityoftheexpectedflaws;andthelawsofphysicsgoverningthepropagationofultrasonicwaves.Characteristicsoftheexaminationsystemusedandtheultrasonicpropertiesofthematerialbeingexaminedmustbeknownordetermined.Somematerials,becauseofuniquemicrostructure,aredifficulttoexamineusingultrasonics.Austeniticmaterial,particularlyweldmaterial,isoneexampleofthismaterialcondition.Cautionshouldbeexercisedwhenestablishingexaminationpracticesforthesetypematerials.Whileexaminationmaybepossible,sensitivitywillbeinferiortothatachievableonferriticmaterials.Whenexaminingmaterialswithuniquemicrostructures,empiricaltestingshouldbeperformedtoassurethattheexaminationwillachievethedesiredsensitivity.Thismaybeaccomplishedbyincorporatingknownreflectorsinamockupoftheweldorparttobeexamined.Angle-BeamLongitudinalWaves8212;AsshowninFig.4,angle-beamlongitudinalwaveswithrefractedanglesintherangefrom1to40x00B0;(wherecoexistingangle-beamshearwavesareweak,asshowninFig.3)maybeusedtodetectfatiguecracksinaxlesandshaftsfromtheendbydirectreflectionorbycornerreflection.AsshowninFig.5,withacrossed-beamdual-transducersearchunitconfiguration,angle-beamlongitudinalwavesmaybeusedtomeasurethicknessortodetectreflectorsparalleltotheexaminationsurface,suchaslaminations.AsshowninFig.6,reflectorswithamajorplaneatanangleupto40x00B0;withrespecttotheexaminationsurface,provideoptimumreflectiontoanangle-beamlongitudinalwavethatisnormaltotheplaneofthereflector.Angle-beamlongitudinalwavesintherangefrom45to85x00B0;becomeweakerastheangleincreases;atthesametime,thecoexistingangle-beamshearwavesbecomestronger.Equalamplitudeanglebeamsofapproximately55x00B0;